Iago By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay - 914 Words

Today’s society is overly familiar with deception and lies; whether it is from their family, friends, media, or politicians. Historically, there has been an abundance which still carries on today. Behind every lie, there is a motive for doing so. In Shakespeare s Othello, Iago is no exception to this rule. He is living a dual life of lies. On one face Iago is a trustworthy friend who is attempting to set up Roderigo with the love of his life. His other face is the one whose main goal is to be the Lieutenant of the Venetian Army. In order to reach that status he must ruin the relationship of Cassio and Othello. Iago uses each other character against others and against themselves using his knowledge of their habits and lives. His vast array of manipulative strategies gives him an extraordinary advantage over his peers. A few weak points that Iago targets are Roderigo s desire for Desdemona, Othello s self image and Cassio s trust. Iago does not feel the need to ease his way in to manipulating his best friend. In fact, He starts to deceive Roderigo in the first scene of the first act. Roderigo s trusting and fairly gullible personality gives a sense of strength and security to Iago in his attempts. All ready, Iago develops a cruel ploy to knock down Othello s reputation. The easiest way for this to happen is by hinting that Othello kidnapped Desdemona. Due to the social and racial tension of the time, this was a common perception of black men. ThoseShow MoreRelatedIago By William Shakespeare s Othello946 Words   |  4 Pages likeable strategist was promoted above Iago, despite having no practical experience; unlike Iago who has been Othello’s ensign on the field for many years. Iago’s contempt for Cassio’s â€Å"bookish theoric† as â€Å"mere prattle, without practise† is grounded in jealousy, and his dismissive way of comparing strategy to fighting on the battlefield reveals his dislike of Cassio early in the first sc ene of the play. In this way, he also exhibits envy towards Othello for his high rank, but this could be primarilyRead MoreIago By William Shakespeare s Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesIago is able to manipulate different characters throughout Othello by appearing to be honest and trustworthy, and using this to make people believe what he is saying is the truth. This means that Iago can tell them what he wants, in order to achieve whatever he desires. Simply, Iago is a two-faced character. A very ironic part of the play is when Iago says, â€Å"By Janus†, as Janus is a two- faced Roman god. The first person/character is Rodrigo. Rodrigo is blinded by his love for Desdemona and is preparedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - The Jealous Iago !1171 Words   |  5 Pages1102 The Jealous Iago! Jealousy is a strong emotion which everyone has experienced in some point or time in their life. Throughout Othello by William Shakespeare, the character Iago is known as â€Å"honest Iago† and deals with the roots of jealously. Iago uses jealousy, lies, and deception to manipulate and hurt other characters for his own personal gain. Iago is consumed with jealousy for Michael Cassio and Othello because he was not chosen as lieutenant, and Cassio was. Because of Iago jealously and hatredRead MoreIago ´s Facade in William Shakespeare ´s Othello520 Words   |  2 PagesShakespeare’s Othello no phrase describes the villainous Iago better than this. Iago hides behind the faà §ade of a loyal soldier while secretly manipulating the world around him not only for personal gain but also in order to ruin the lives of those he feels have wronged him. Even those close to Iago, such as his loyal servant Roderigo, who think they know him, are being deceived. Throughout the play Iago shows his ability to manipulate people based on their good traits, one key example being Othello. IagoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - A Diagnosis Of Literary Character, Iago1460 Words   |  6 Pages A Diagnosis of literary Character,Iago In a Shakespearean tragedy, no man is left out in the vicious storyline of fate. Meaning in every situation there must be a character that is fraudulent and misleading. To which this character would tell false lies to hopefully make the plot end in disaster. In the dramatic play Othello, Shakespeare unleashes the tale of an interracial marriage between a Moor (Othello) and a Venetian woman. Which continuously builds on internal dialogue, race, genderRead MoreBetraying and Lying in Othello by William Shakespeare1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthe root of all evil today. People have made it an everyday thing to lie and betray people just because they like to see people broken in misery. People also lie and betray people because of jealousy they may have towards them. The tragedy of Othello explains why some people are not trustworthy. Just because some people feel like they are miserable, they try everything in their power to make the other individual miserable as well. Enemies come in different colors, shapes, and forms, making itRead MoreThe Concept Of Iago By William Shakespeare1163 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Concept of Iago† William Shakespeare’s plays all have a common theme: death. There is almost always death, and the play of â€Å"Othello† is no different since it ends in a â€Å"tragedy.† It begins with a man named Iago who speaks to Roderigo of how he should have received the position of lieutenant that was instead given to Cassio, a inexperienced man in his words, by Othello, the General. Iago shows distaste towards Othello, the play then goes through the story of Iago attempting to receive the positionRead MoreEssay about Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello1450 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   Othello features jealousy as the dominant motive for action and therefore just as reflected in real life we bare witness to jealousy influencing the characters of Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo, and Othello. In this essay I shall be attempting to examine this theme in depth drawing comparison between jealousy and the consequential action.   The dominance of jealousy as the chief causative force of action in the drama is very obvious to most critics. In William Shakespeare:Read MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare757 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare uses many literary devices to enhance and provide greater complexity in his works. More specifically, the theme, symbolism, and dramatic irony are used to enrich Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello. The plot is definitely engaging but the theme allows for an universal human correspondence, furthering the depth of the author’s message. The element of symbolism contributes to the theme of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Symbolism expressesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pageswork. However, for many centuries the writer has also been seen to have a diagnostic function, scrutinizing the ills of their society and portraying them for the world to see. William Shakespeare, 1564-1616, was an English playwright, poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s most distinguished dramatist. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays , 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems and a few other verses. His

Marketing Homework Paper Free Essays

Although Amazon.com provides a wide range of services ranging from electronics to  apparels it continues to be recognized as an online bookstore. Amazon. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Homework Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now com was a pioneer e-  commerce company established in late 1990’s; soon after its launch it became instantly  popular as a n online bookstore. Amazon’s popularity as a bookstore has put it in direct  competition with Barnes Nobles, an old and a reputed name in book trade. Barnes Nobles started out as small book shop in Wheaton Illinois way back in 1917.  During 1970’s Barnes Nobles became the first American bookseller to advertise on TV and  by 1987 it had acquired the largest network of stores across the U.S.A. Barnesandnobles.com  the Barnes Nobles e-commerce portal was established in late 1990’s at about same time as  Amazon.com (Barnesandnobles.com). Consumer profile and what influences each category of consumers  Based on customer preferences to shop from Amazon or Barnes Nobles, several customer  profiles can be identified. Those who prefer Barnes Noble are serious book readers who  are looking for an unconventional title, students of university prefer Barnes Nobles  because of its reputation for maintaining an excellent inventory of college books and  moreover the bookstore is popular for its highly knowledgeable staff. Some people distrust e-  commerce so it is difficult for them to trust a company which exists only on internet, thusBarnes Nobles is capable of winning consumer faith due to its physical presence in form of  stores at the same times it has a full-fledged internet website. Since Barnes Nobles is an  old and established brand a greater percentage of older people over the age of 35 prefer to  buy from it. Amazon.com offers more products and services as compared to Barnes Nobles which only  sells Books, magazines, music, DVD’s and computer games. Thus most people who shop on  Amazon are comfortable with e-commerce and use e-commerce for most of their shopping  needs. Amazon offers a range of incentives to lure customers such services include free and  free e-cards which customers can send out to their friends. Amazon pioneered the  implementation of the concept of purchaser’s community which allows consumers to interact  with other consumers who have purchased a similar product, thus facilitating exchange of  opinion among customers. Amazon is an ideal destination for most young buyers who prefer  portal for the wide range of innovative products and services it offers ranging from exclusive  electronics to gift items and apparels. Amazon has superior search engine which integrates  with Google, thus a person looking for a certain book title will get the topmost listing to  Amazon straight to the page associated with the books title. This superior search feature has  made Amazon popular among avid internet users.  Consumer behavior and how it effects e-commerce  Ideally a consumer undergoes six stages of buying process which are (udel.edu)  Problem recognition (awareness of need) Information search Evaluation of alternatives Purchase decision Purchase Post purchase evaluation. The buying process begins with need recognition wherein the consumer recognizes the lack  of certain commodity. Once a need is established the consumer embarks on an information  search in order to learn about the object of desire and where and how to acquire it. The  information search provides the consumer with knowledge of alternative ways which he can  use to acquire the product. Consumer then evaluates each alternative in turn and decides upon  one alternative thus leading to a purchase decision. Consumer then purchases the commodity  and progresses to the consecutive stage of post purchase evaluation wherein the consumers  realizes whether or not he is satisfied with the purchase. Modern marketing approach is intends to create a need for a product. Most promotions and  marketing programmes are designed to create a need. When exposed to modern promotional  materials the consumer is sparked with a desire to posses the commodity. Websites of Barnes   Nobles and Amazon are designed to inform customers of new offerings and thereby create  a need. Ecommerce sites provide consumers an environment for conducting an information  search and consumers get to thoroughly evaluate the alternatives prior to making a purchase  decision. Values and benefits offered by Barnes Nobles and Amazon.com  Barnes Nobles and Amazon manage to score same where pricing is concerned a search for Wilbur Smiths novel â€Å"River God† on both the sites yielded the low priced edition at $7.95.  Barnes Nobles manages to provide larger collection owing to its own publications and  strategic links with dealers of rare, out of print and used books. Both sites provide free  delivery for orders of $25 and more to most U.S addresses under their Fast and Free delivery  scheme. Bothe companies offer a phone based customer service through their call centre. Amazon sells certain exclusive range of products under its own brand name such as the  Amazon kindle book reader and a Wi-Fi enabled SD card. Websites of both the companies  contain the book reviews by authors and other consumers which enriches the buying  experience. The sites contain special sections dedicated to popular books or movies such as  the Harry Potter. Thus the ecommerce sites are designed to create a long term relationship  with the customer. How to cite Marketing Homework Paper, Essay examples

Risk Based Auditing Business Accounts

Question: Discuss about theRisk Based Auditingfor Business Accounts. Answer: Introduction Auditing refers to the inspection of the accounts of the companies (Zu 2013). A business organization has a lot of different accounts to maintain. Thus, it is natural to make some errors while maintaining those business accounts. Here comes the part of the auditors. The main responsibility of the audit process is to officially inspect those various accounts of the organization and makes it sure that there is not any kind of errors in those accounts (Kinney 2016). There is a lot of importance of the audit process. A true annual report of an organization reflects the financial and overall position of the company. Annual reports are one of the most crucial medium to the investors by which they can judge the actual financial position of the company and they can decide whether they will invest in the company or not. Hence, it is the utmost responsibility of the auditors to make the annual reports of the companys error free. The audit process is done by the independence body of auditors wh o has no connection with the organization. It is mandatory for the companies to conduct audit so that the various accounts of the business can be verified (Cao, Chychyla and Stewart 2015). Traditional Auditing vs. Risk-Based Auditing As per the above discussion, the main aim of the audit process is to inspect the various accounts of a business organization. However, there are different processes to conduct an audit. Traditional audit process is the process that has been adopted by a large number of auditors all over the world. There are certain criteria which have been followed by the auditors while doing an audit. The aim of the traditional audit process is to conduct tests and reviews on the various issues of the financial statements of the companies. The objective behind this process is to verify the truth and fairness of the financial statements (Wan and Li 2016). The conducted tests includes the test on the internal controls used by the companies to procure various figures in the financial statements, the tests on the amounts shown in the various accounts and the tests on the several accounting posting systems of the business. After the verification of these above aspects, the auditors issue his/her certific ate stating the truthfulness of the financial statements of that company (Jones and Smith 2014). However, the risk based approach of audit, commonly known as the RBA audit approach, applies totally different measures to verify the financial position of any company (Griffiths 2012). RBA is an audit approach which deals with all the risk factors of the companies related to the financial position. RBA approach uses risks to develop the strategies for the management system of an organization. RBA audit provides the mechanism to assess various risks involve achieving the long term objectives of the organization. RBA also provides the mechanism to monitor and perform the internal audit system of the organization. It has been considered that RBA audit system has been an evolution in the audit process all over the world as RBA audit system has totally changed the way audit system thing and talk about risks (Pitt 2014). Origin of Risk-Based Audit RBA audit system is a unique process of auditing that focused on the management and analysis of the risk in an organization (Johnstone, Gramling and Rittenberg 2013). There is an existence of a history about the origin of the risk base audit system. There was an incident in the United Kingdom about an audit issue. In the year 1999, the Turnbull Report on the corporate governance matters demands a risk assessment statement about the shareholders of the company. This process has been considered as the main encouragement about the introduction of the risk based audit system. This incident encouraged to give emphasis on the risk involved rather than just checking the various accounts of the organization (Messier 2014). The risk based audit system includes the guidelines of the Committee of Sponsoring Organization (COSO), the guidelines of AS/NZ3 and others (Lpez Gavira, Prez Lpez and Romero Garca 2014). After this incident, the whole audit world felt and understood the need of risk asses sment at the time of the auditing process. There are some controversies around the risk assessment procedures of the RBA audit system. Some people consider RBA audit system as an ineffective tool in the audit process. However, this particular risk based audit system has become more popular all over the world. Steps in Risk-Based Auditing The risk based audit process is designed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit process in an organization. Thus, it is the duty of the RBA audit system to focus on the timing, nature and extent of the audit areas where there is a high possibility of occurring the material mistakes. There are certain steps involved in the RBA audit system as this is a systematic process. The auditors need to follow these particular steps to bring efficiency and effectiveness in the audit process of the organizations. The steps of the RBA audit system are discussed below: The first step in the RBA audit system is to have the understanding about the organizations. In order to get the idea about the risks, the auditor needs to have the proper understanding about the entity organization and the environment in which the organization operates. Understanding the entity requires a lot of things which includes the understanding about the nature of the business, industry, the specific structure of the ownership of the business, environmental regulations, competitors of the company, internal structure of the company, the process of financial reporting and the process of internal control. To know all this above mentioned aspects is not any easy job for the auditors. Confusion often works among the auditors about the selection of the type of information and how much information needs to be obtained for the purpose. However, it is the responsibility of the auditors to recognize the control system that would be relevant for the audit process. In this case, the inte rnal control is divided into five parts to assist the auditor. They are: The control environment The risk assessment process of the entity The information system used for the financial reporting The audit related control activities, and Monitoring the control activities These steps should be followed by the auditors at the time of performing the RBA audit system (Ward and Peppard 2016). The very next step after the understanding about the various aspects of the entity is the identification and the assessment of the risks involved with the organization. The auditor understands about the business environment of the entity helps to identify those relevant risks that can cause damage to the financial reporting of the company. In this area, skills and professional judgments of the auditor are needed to not only identify those risks but also evaluate how they will affect the recognition, measurement, presentation and the disclosure of the financial reports of the company. The risk assessment is done by the auditors at the planning stage of the audit program. The risks are reassessed in the case of identification of the new risks relating to the audit process. There are two type of risk in the risk classification process and they are the normal risks and the greater than normal risks. Normal risks are the kind of risks that has a probability occurring. On the other hand, g reater than normal risks are the risks which have less probability of occurring. The determination of the nature, time and extend of the various audit procedures depends on the process of risk assessment. As per the general rule of the RBA audit system, more persuasive evidences are required to reduce the level of the risks in case of the greater than normal risks. Hence, one simply cannot ignore the importance of risk assessment. In this case, it has to be noted that risk assessment of an organization demands a greater level of skill and expertise of the auditors as it is a complicated process (Sawyer and Bright 2014). The next step in RBA audit system to respond to the risks identified. The auditor needs to have proper evidence about the assessment risk regarding materiality and other financial issues so that he/she can start the audit campaign. There are some factors that are considered by the experienced auditors at the time of the development risk response design. They are as follows: The financial report may have the overall effects of the identified risks. The effects of the identified risks at the level of assertion. The expected result of the tests whether they can meet the objectives of the tests There are various aspects as well of the audit report. They are: The setting up of the test objectives It has to be identified whether there is any need for the use of the experts or specialists The identification of the time of the assessment of risk It needs to be determined that whether there is any need for the use of the precious audit reports The controls that need test needs to be identified Determination of the testing areas where normal risk will be applicable and the areas where above normal risk will be applicable The extent of reliance on the test results needs to be determined It needs to be specified that whether there is any need for the further audit process or not In the case of the normal risk assessment, there is a need for the control testing when the substantive testing fails to provide enough audit evidence to carry on the audit process. On the other hand, in case of above normal risks or high risks, the auditor must include the substantive audit testing to get enough audit evidence to carry on the audit process (Leung 2016). The last step in the risk based audit process is the drawing of the conclusion about the respective auditors. After the performance of the audit process by the auditors to address the assessed risks, the obtained evidence needs to be evaluated by the auditor to determine whether the initial risk assessment is appropriate or there is any need for a further risk assessment. The auditor needs to be assured that there is no material mistakes are there in the financial statements of the business organization and to prove this, there has to be sufficient evidence. Further audit needs to be performed in case of the absence of concrete audit evidence. The auditor will be able make a conclusion on the overall risk assessment of the financial reports of the company with the help of sufficient and appropriate audit evidences (Epstein and Ramamoorti 2016). Conclusion From the above overall discussion, it can be said that the importance of risk based audit approach is more than that of the traditional audit approach. The traditional audit approach sometimes omits the risk factor involved with the financial report of any organization. The foundation of the entire audit program can be provided by the rightly timed and performance of the risk assessment by the experienced auditors. The differences between the traditional audit and risk based audit are given below: Traditional Audit Approach Risk-Based Audit Approach Risk assessment happens periodically Risk assessment is a continuous process Internal audit and accounting is responsible for the identification of risk and the management of control All members of the organization are responsible for the identification of the risks involved After the inspection and detection of the risks, it takes action against them Anticipation and prevention of the business risks and continuous monitoring of the risks are the main functions of this audit process. The primary source of the business risks are the inefficient people The primary source of the business risks are the inefficient processes and operations Financial risk avoidance is the function of the control process To avoid the unacceptable risks is the function of the control process (Buckley et al. 2013) The above table clearly shows that risk based audit is much more effective than the traditional audit process. The most crucial advantage of risk based audit is that it provides a continuous surveillance on the financial risk factor in an organization which includes in the financial statements. This is the reason most of the companies and auditors are adapting the risk based audit approach as the audit process (Collings 2013). References Buckley, J.P., Furze, G., Doherty, P., Speck, L., Connolly, S., Hinton, S. and Jones, J.L., 2013. BACPR scientific statement: British standards and core components for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation.Heart, pp.heartjnl-2012. Cao, M., Chychyla, R. and Stewart, T., 2015. Big Data analytics in financial statement audits.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.423-429. Collings, S., 2013.Frequently Asked Questions in IFRS. John Wiley Sons. Epstein, B.J. and Ramamoorti, S., 2016. Today's Fraud Risk Models Lack Personality.The CPA Journal,86(3), p.14. Griffiths, M.P., 2012.Risk-based auditing. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A. and Rittenberg, L.E., 2013.Auditing: A Risk-Based Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. Cengage Learning. Jones, M. and Smith, M., 2014. Traditional and alternative methods of measuring the understandability of accounting narratives.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(1), pp.183-208. Kinney, W.R., 2016. GAAS 1963-2012: The Global Foundations of Independent Audits and Research in Auditing. InOSU Accounting Research Conference. Leung, D., 2016.Inside Accounting: The Sociology of Financial Reporting and Auditing. Routledge. Lpez Gavira, R., Prez Lpez, J.. and Romero Garca, J.E., 2014. Positions on Regulations Affecting Auditing and Nonauditing Activities.Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra: The Business and Economics Research Journal,7(1), pp.75-90. Messier, W.F., 2014. An approach to learning risk-based auditing.Journal of Accounting Education,32(3), pp.276-287. Pitt, S.A., 2014. International standards for the professional practice of internal auditing. Sawyer, A. and Bright, K., 2014.The Access Manual: Designing, Auditing and Managing Inclusive Built Environments. John Wiley Sons. Wan, J.G. and Li, T.L., 2016, January. An applicable approach for performance auditing in ERP. InMATEC Web of Conferences(Vol. 44). EDP Sciences. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Zu, L., 2013. Social Auditing. InEncyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility(pp. 2179-2188). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

It Takes a Village to Raise a Child Essay Example

It Takes a Village to Raise a Child Paper It takes a village to raise a child is a popular proverb with a clear message: the whole community has an essential role to play in the growth and development of its young people. In addition to the vital role that parents and family members play in a child’s education, the broader community too has a responsibility to assure high-quality education for all students. In the past, parent involvement was characterized by volunteers, mostly mothers, assisting in the classroom, chaperoning students, and fundraising. Today, the old model has been replaced with a much more inclusive approach: school-family-community partnerships now include mothers and fathers, stepparents, grandparents, fosterparents, other relatives and caregivers, business leaders and community groups–all participating in goal-oriented activities, at all grade levels, linked to student achievement and school success. The research is clear, consistent, and convincing. Parent, family, and community involvement in education correlates with higher academic performance and school improvement. When schools, parents, families, and communities work together to support learning, students tend to earn higher grades, attend school more regularly, stay in school longer, and enroll in higher level programs. Researchers cite parent-family community involvement as a key to addressing the school dropout crisis1 and note that strong school-family-community partnerships foster higher educational aspirations and It takes a village to raise a child is a popular proverb with a clear message: the whole community has an essential role to play in the growth and development of its young people. In addition to the vital role that parents and family members play in a child’s education, the broader community too has a responsibility to assure high-quality education for all students. We will write a custom essay sample on It Takes a Village to Raise a Child specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on It Takes a Village to Raise a Child specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on It Takes a Village to Raise a Child specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the past, parent involvement was characterized by volunteers, mostly mothers, assisting in the classroom, chaperoning students, and fundraising. Today, the old model has been replaced with a much more inclusive approach: school-family-community partnerships now include mothers and fathers, stepparents, grandparents, fosterparents, other relatives and caregivers, business leaders and community groups–all participating in goal-oriented activities, at all grade levels, linked to student achievement and school success. The research is clear, consistent, and convincing. Parent, family, and community involvement in education correlates with higher academic performance and school improvement. When schools, parents, families, and communities work together to support learning, students tend to earn higher grades, attend school more regularly, stay in school longer, and enroll in higher level programs. Researchers cite parent-family community involvement as a key to addressing the school dropout crisis1 and note that strong school-family-community partnerships foster higher educational aspirations and motivated students.

Compensation and Benefits †Deer Valley Homebuilders, Inc.

Compensation and Benefits – Deer Valley Homebuilders, Inc. Free Online Research Papers Deer Valley Homebuilders was founded in January 2004 by eight gentlemen with over 125 years of industry experience, including General Management, Production, Sales, Customer Service, and Finance. The management team will operate to the highest standard of business, moral ethics, and will approach business with an open mind through communication, positive attitude, and teamwork. Deer Valley Homes has about 430 employees, which build quality homes. Deer Valley Homes focus on manufactured mobile homes and has a small number of modular homes. These homes appear to be manufactured mobile homes that are triple wide and bigger. They have limited architectural options but are a better choice than standard manufactured homes. (Deer Valley Corp, n.d., p. 1) For many corporations and companies, it is standard practice to offer highly discounted access to medical and dental insurance to its full-time employees. Typically, these companies pay a large portion of their employees health insurance bills. The employees forfeit a certain fraction of their pay toward the rest of the benefits. The amount they pay is nominal in comparison to the average price of a full health insurance package to a typical citizen. Currently, Deer Valley Homes does not offer a 401K program. A traditional 401(k) plan offers the maximum flexibility of the three types of plans. Employers have the discretion to make contributions on behalf of all participants, to match employees’ deferrals, or do both. These contributions can be subject to a vesting schedule (which provides that an employee’s right to employer contributions becomes non- forfeitable only after a period of time). In addition, a traditional 401(k) allows participants to make pre-tax contributions through payroll deductions. Annual testing ensures that benefits for rank and file employees are proportional to benefits for owners/managers. fA SIMPLE 401(k) plan was created so those small businesses could have an effective cost-efficient way to offer retirement benefits to their employees. A SIMPLE 401(k) plan is not subject to the annual nondiscrimination tests that apply to the traditional plans. Similar to a safe harbor 401(k) plan, the employer is required to make employer contributions that are fully vested. This type of 401(k) plan is available to employers with 100 or fewer employees who received at least $5000 in compensation from the employer for the preceding calendar year. In addition, employees that are covered by a SIMPLE 401(k) plan may not receive any contributions or benefit accruals under any other plans of the employer. Savings Incentive Plan for Employees (SIMPLE plans) There are two types of SIMPLE plans: SIMPLE IRAs and SIMPLE 401(k)s. Both are simplified retirement plans designed for small employers with 100 or fewer employees. Each plan allows for voluntary employee pre-tax deferrals equal the lesser of 100% of compensation or the maximum deferral limit. The maximum limit is: Year SIMPLE Elective Limit Age 50+ Catch-up 2009 $9,000 $1,500 2010 $10,000 $2,000 2011 on $10,000 $2,500 The employer is required to make a contribution to the plan. The employer may choose from the following contribution options: A non-elective (basic) contribution of at least 2% of compensation for all eligible employees earning at least $5,000; OR at least 100% matching contribution up to the first 3% compensation. With SIMPLE IRA plans only, the employer has the option to reduce the matching contribution as low as 1% for no more than two out of five years ending with the current year. The option to reduce the matching contribution below 3% is not available with SIMPLE 401(k) plans. Withdrawal amounts form a SIMPLE IRA during the first two years of participation would generally be subject to a 25% penalty tax; the normal 10% penalty applies afterward. The employee must always be 100% vested in both employee deferrals and employer contributions. To offer a SIMPLE plan, employers must satisfy two requirements: 1. During the previous year, the employer had 100 or fewer employees who earned at least $5,000, and 2. The employer does not sponsor any other retirement plan Although employers can open plans up to more employees, the minimum requirement is that employees are eligible if they earned at least $5,000 from the employer during the previous two years and it is reasonable to expect that they will earn at least $5,000 during the current year. (Simple 401K, 2006, p. 1) Once you have decided on the type of plan for your company, you will have flexibility in choosing some of the plan’s features such as which employees can contribute to the plan and how much. Other features written into the plan are required by law. For instance, the plan document must describe how certain key functions are carried out, such as how contributions are deposited in the plan. (Employee Benefits, n.d., p. 1) Ritz-Craft has always been a family-owned business. Their employment focus is aimed towards providing consistent employment at competitive wages and salaries for all employees. Ritz-Craft offers a complete benefits package that includes health insurance, a dental plan, paid vacations and a 401(k) plan that is available to all employees. Employment at Ritz-Craft is very much entry into a family. In fact, the average Ritz-Craft employee has more than 10 years experience with the company. Ritzs of this type of plan are 401(k), 401(a), Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Savings Plans and Profit Sharing Plans. (Ritz-Craft Corporation, n.d., p. 1) Based in Dallas, Texas, Palm Harbor Homes is one of the nations largest marketers of factory-built homes. The companys vertically integrated operations set it apart from others in the industry. Palm Harbor builds, sells, finances and ensures the best-manufactured homes available today. Palm Harbors focus is the high-end, customized niche of the manufactured home market. Four out of five homes produced in its 18 manufacturing facilities across the country are customized with owner-selected features. Palm Harbor sells its homes through 115 company-owned superstores and more than 350 independent retailers. (Plant City Manufactured Mobile Homes, n.d., p. 1) Palm Harbor has two primary goals satisfying their customers and making their company the best job their associates have ever had. Palm Harbors Employee Benefits Package includes: Medical PPO program includes a minimal co-pay, prescription card and well-care benefits. Palm Harbor pays for the majority of the cost. Dental the dental plan covers, among many other comprehensive dental benefits, $2,000 of orthodontic services for adults and children. Vision – the vision plan covers traditional services as well as some laser vision correction services. Disability Protection Short and/or long-term disability coverage is available to associates after three months of service. Life Insurance life insurance includes accidental death and dismemberment and is provided to all associates at no cost. Additional life insurance for spouses and children is offered at nominal rates. 401K Savings Plan All employees are eligible to contribute to the 401(k) Plan upon their date of hire. I n addition, after one year of service, Palm Harbor will match employee contributions in the amount of 25% for every $1.00 contributed up to 6%. The Plan offers over 28 different investment options to choose from with options available in every major fund style category, including company stock. Rollovers are also accepted from other company plans. Stock Purchase Plan employees can be a shareholder immediately. Associates may buy Palm Harbor stock via payroll deductions in the stock purchase plan. Palm Harbor pays for the administration of the plan and the participants share commission costs. Holidays the company observes eight holidays per year for most associates. Some locations may observe an additional holiday for local customs. Vacation Time and Personal Time Off Salaried associates with five years or less of service enjoy ten vacation days per year. Those with six years or more of service enjoy fifteen vacation days per year. In addition to our holiday and vacation package, our company offers one personal day to all associates with one year of service with Palm Harbor and two personal days after three years. Sick Leave Salaried associates accrue sick leave credits each month with a maximum earned of 45 days. Employee Assistance Programs PHH has contracted with Ceridian to provide all associates with a wide range of services, including: counseling for any work or life situation (counseling provided via the phone and/or in person,) along with college counseling, auto and home services, long term care solutions, debt and legal counseling, books, tapes, videos and much more. There is no cost to the associates and the counselors are available 24/7.A NurseLine is also provided for assistance with emergencies and for guidance with other medical situations. (Plant City Manufactured Mobile Homes, n.d., p. 1) The current impediment would be lack of a great benefits package, which would include a quality 401k plan. One impediment is the affordability to Deer Valley and the employees. Another impediment is finding the right company to provide all sought benefits in one place. Recommendations for Deer Valley Homes: Health Insurance Insurance premiums will probably cost you about 8% to 10% of your payroll amount. The majority of this will be your health insurance premiums. So what are your options and how do you find the best deal? There are currently three main types of health coverage you can offer to your employees: traditional coverage (fee-for-service), HMO (health maintenance organization), or PPO (preferred provider organization). I would recommend a traditional health coverage plan; your employees will have the most flexibility. It pays to find a good broker when looking for health insurance policies. The broker may represent plans from up to 15 different insurers, allowing you to get a better feel for what is available and do more comparison shopping. Make sure there is a good range of services offered and that long-term illnesses and pre-existing conditions are covered. There should also be at least $1 million in coverage. Long and Short-Term Disability short-term disability (STD) provides employees income on a short-term basis as a result of a disability, and is usually equal to about 60% of the employees gross weekly pay up to 26 weeks. Long-term disability is lost-income coverage that kicks in as a result of a disability. It is also based on about 60% of the employees gross income. There is usually an elimination period of 30 to 180 days before the benefits will begin, so it typically picks up where short-term disability ends. LTD benefits can continue on for life, although most terminate at age 65 when social security kicks in. Many employers pay all of the long-term disability premiums. Some companies pay for short-term disability and make the long-term optional, at a reduced cost to the employee. The logic behind this is that you want the employee to come back to work after a short, unforeseen accident or injury employers rarely see an employee come back from long-term disability. If the co mpany pays for the benefit, it is considered taxable income; if the employee pays for the benefit, it is considered insurance and is non-taxable. The life insurance plan currently offered is a good policy and the cost is minimal so I would recommend keeping your current provider. Deer Valley is lacking and needs a quality 401K plan; 401(k) plans let your employees save for retirement easily and conveniently through pre-tax automatic payroll deductions. Its money they dont see, so they dont miss it. Implementing a 401(k) plan can improve employee morale and help in luring in new employees. The money your employees contribute, as well as your contributions and their account earnings, are all tax-deferred until they actually withdraw the money when they retire. Employees have full control over their investments. Withdrawals are also permitted at the termination of employment or during financial hardship, but a 10% penalty tax is charged if they are younger than 59 1/2 years old. Many companies allow terminated employees or employees who elect to leave the company the option to keep their 401(k) account, but they can no longer contribute to it. As an employer, you are not required to match contributions or contribute at all to your companys 401(k) plan; however, to be competitive, most employers do. You do have the flexibility to alter your contributions year to year based on the profitability of your company. You even have the option of contributing on behalf of employees who are nt participating as long as they are eligible. Your contributions are tax deductible. You can also set up a vesting schedule for the contributions you make to your employees accounts. This is just another way to help motivate employees to stay with the company longer. (Obringer, 2003, p. 1) The best way to obtain good employees and retain them is to offer better compensation and benefits. Deer Valley has a poor compensation and benefits package. Being a small business does not have to limit your benefits. There are several different approaches Deer Valley can take, decide on a great benefits package and keep it in-house or outsource the compensation and benefits to another company that handles these areas. I would recommend with the current staff to handle your compensation and benefits in-house. Now you just have to decide which benefits best serve Deer Valleys needs at present and the future. Not having a good benefits package is hurting your desire to obtain and retain good employees. By offering and providing your current employees at Deer Valley with good quality compensation and benefits it will help boost morale. When offering a quality compensation and benefits package we will be able to attract and retain well-trained employees more so than other local manufacturing companies in your area. With the best employees in the business, your facility will be more productive, you will have a better-built product and must higher efficiency rate. â€Æ' References Deer Valley Corp (n.d.). About Deer Valley. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from www.deervalleycorp.com/ Employee Benefits (n.d.). 401(k) Plans For Small Businesses. Retrieved November 05, 2008, from www.business.gov/guides/employment/managing/benefits/ Obringer, L. A. (2003). How Employee Compensation Works. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from Howstuffworks.com Plant City Manufactured Mobile Homes (n.d.). Our Benefits. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from www.palmharbor.com Plant City Manufactured Mobile Homes (n.d.). Palm Harbor Village. Retrieved November 30, 2008, from www.palmharbor.com Ritz-Craft Corporation (n.d.). Company History. Retrieved November 26, 2008, from www.ritz-craft.com Simple 401K (2006). Simple 401k Plans. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from www.simple401k.com Research Papers on Compensation and Benefits - Deer Valley Homebuilders, Inc.What are Stock OptionsExempt vs Non-Exempt EmployeesEmployment Law EssayOrganizational Behavior Analysis of Wal-MartResponsible for Occupational Health EssayThe Legal ProcessDr. Edward Deming EssayDigital Marketing Mix Google EssayInternational PaperGap Analysis: Lester Electronics

Catherine of Aragon - Marriage to Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon - Marriage to Henry VIII Continued from: Catherine of Aragon: Early Life and First Marriage The Dowager Princess of Wales When her young husband, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly in 1502, Catherine of Aragon was left with the title of Dowager Princess of Wales. The marriage had been meant to solidify the alliance of the ruling families of Spain and England. The natural next step was to marry Catherine to Arthurs younger brother, Henry, five years younger than Catherine. The political reasons for the marriage remained. Prince Henry had been promised to Eleanor of Austria. But fairly quickly, Henry VII and Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to pursue the marriage of Prince Henry and Catherine. Arranging Marriage and Fighting Over Dowry The next years were marked by acrimonious conflict between the two families over Catherines dowry. Though the marriage had taken place, the last of Catherines dowry had not been paid, and Henry VII demanded that it be paid. Henry reduced his support for Catherine and her household, to put pressure on her parents to pay the dowry, and Ferdinand and Isaella threatened to have Catherine return to Spain. In 1502, a draft of a treaty between the Spanish and English families was ready, and the final version was signed in June 1503, promising a betrothal within two months, and then, after Catherines second dowry payment was made, and after Henry turned fifteen, the marriage would take place. They were formally betrothed on June 25, 1503. To marry, they would need a papal dispensation because Catherines first marriage to Arthur was defined in church rules as consanguinity. The papers sent to Rome, and the dispensation which was sent from Rome, assumed that Catherines marriage to Arthur was consummated. The English insisted on adding this clause to cover all possible objections in the dispensation. Catherines duenna wrote at that time to Ferdinand and Isabella protesting this clause, saying that the marriage had not been consummated. This disagreement about the consummation of Catherines first marriage was later to become very important. Changing Alliances? The papal bull with the dispensation arrived in 1505. Meanwhile, in late 1504, Isabella had died, leaving no living sons. Catherines sister, Joanna or Juana, and her husband, Archduke Philip, were named Isabellas heirs to Castile. Ferdinand was still ruler of Aragon; Isabellas will had named him to govern Castile. Ferdinand contended for the right to govern, but Henry VII allied himself with Philip, and this led to Ferdinands acceptance of Philips rule. But then Philip died. Joanna, known as Juana the Mad, was not thought fit to rule herself, and Ferdinand stepped in for his mentally incompetent daughter. All this contention in Spain made alliance with Spain no longer quite as valuable to Henry VII and England. He continued to press Ferdinand for payment of Catherines dowry. Catherine, who had after Arthur died lived mostly apart from the royal court with her mostly Spanish household, still barely spoke English, and was often ill during those years. In 1505, with the confusion in Spain, Henry VII saw his chance to have Catherine moved to court, and to reduce his financial support of Catherine and her household. Catherine sold some of her property including jewels in order to raise funds for her expenses. Because Catherines dowry was still not fully paid, Henry VII began planning to end the betrothal and send Catherine home. In 1508, Ferdinand offered to pay the remaining dowry, at last but he and Henry VII still disagreed on how much was to be paid. Catherine asked to go back to Spain and become a nun. Henry VIIs Death The situation changed suddenly when Henry VII died on April 21, 1509, and Prince Henry became King Henry VIII. Henry VIII announced to the Spanish ambassador that he wanted to marry Catherine quickly, claiming that it was his fathers deathbed wish. Many doubt that Henry VII said any such thing, given his long resistance to the marriage. Catherine the Queen Catherine and Henry were married on June 11, 1509, at Greenwich. Catherine was 24 years old and Henry was 19. They had, in an unusual move, a joint coronation ceremony more often, queens were crowned after giving birth to the first heir. Catherine became somewhat involved in politics that first year. She was responsible in 1509 for the Spanish ambassador being recalled. When Ferdinand failed to follow through on a promised joint military action to conquer Guyenne for England, and instead conquered Navarre for himself, Catherine helped to calm the relationship between her father and husband. But when Ferdinand made similar choices to abandon agreements with Henry in 1513 and 1514, Catherine decided to forget Spain and everything Spanish. Pregnancies and Births In January, 1510, Catherine miscarried a daughter. She and Henry quickly conceived again, and with great rejoicing, their son, Prince Henry, was born on January 1 of the next year. He was made prince of Wales and died on February 22. In 1513, Catherine was again pregnant. Henry went to France with his army from June to October, and made Catherine Queen Regent during his absence. On August 22, the forces of James IV of Scotland invaded England; the English defeated the Scots at Flodden, killing James and many others. Catherine had the bloody coat of the Scottish king sent to her husband in France. That Catherine spoke to the English troops to rally them to battle is likely apocryphal. That September or October, Catherine either miscarried or a child was born who died very soon after birth. Sometime between November 1514 and February 1515 (sources differ on the dates), Catherine had another stillborn son. There was a rumor in 1514 that Henry was going to repudiate Catherine, as they still had no living children, but they remained together with no actual moves to separate legally at that time. Changing Alliances and Finally, an Heir In 1515, Henry again allied England with Spain and Ferdinand. The next February, on the 18th, Catherine gave birth to a healthy daughter who they named Mary, who would later rule England as Mary I. Catherines father, Ferdinand, had died on January 23, but that news was kept from Catherine to protect her pregnancy. With Ferdinands death, his grandson, Charles, son of Joanna (Juana) and thus nephew of Catherine, became the ruler of both Castile and Aragon. In 1518, Catherine, 32 years old, was again pregnant. But on the night of November 9-10, she gave birth to a stillborn daughter. She was not to become pregnant again. This left Henry VIII with a daughter as his only direct heir. Henry himself had become king only when his brother, Arthur, died, and so he knew how risky it was to have only a single heir. He also knew that the last time a daughter was the heir to the throne of England, Matilda daughter of Henry I, a civil war ensued when much of the nobility did not support a womans rule. Because his own father had come to power only after the long unstable time of family contention over the crown with the War of the Roses, Henry had good reason to be worried about the future of the Tudor dynasty. Some historians have suggested that the failure of so many of Catherines pregnancies was because Henry was infected with syphilis. Today, thats usually thought to be unlikely. In 1519, Henrys mistress, Elizabeth or Bessie Blount, gave birth to a son. Henry acknowledged the boy as his own, to be called Lord Henry FitzRoy (son of the king). For Catherine, this meant that Henry knew that he could produce a healthy male heir with another woman. In 1518, Henry arranged to have their daughter, Mary, betrothed to the French Dauphin, which was not to the liking of Catherine, who wanted Mary to marry her nephew and Marys first cousin, Charles. In 1519, Charles was elected Holy Roman Emperor, making him considerably more powerful than he was as just the ruler of Castile and Aragon. Catherine promoted Henrys alliance with Charles when she saw that Henry seemed to be leaning towards the French. The Princess Mary, at age 5, was betrothed to Charles in 1521. But then Charles married someone else, ending that possibility for marriage. Catherines Married Life By most accounts, Henry and Catherines marriage was generally a happy or at least peaceful one, through most of their years together, aside from the tragedies of miscarriage, stillbirth and infant death. There were many indications of their devotion to each other. Catherine kept a separate household, with some 140 people in it but separate households was the norm for royal couples. Despite that, Catherine was noted for personally ironing her husbands shirts. Catherine tended to prefer to associate with scholars over participating in the social life of the court. She was known as a generous supporter of learning and also generous to the poor. Among the institutions she supported were Queens College and St. Johns College. Erasmus, who visited England in 1514, praised Catherine highly. Catherine commissioned Juan Luis Vives to come to England to complete one book and then write another which made recommendations for the education of women. Vives became a tutor for the Princess Mary. As her mother had overseen her education, Catherine saw to it that her daughter, Mary, was educated well. Among her religious projects, she supported the Observant Franciscans. That Henry valued Catherine and the marriage in their early years is attested to by the many love knots made up of their initials which decorate several of their homes and were even used to decorate his armor. The Beginning of the End Henry later said that hed stopped having marital relations with Catherine about 1524. On June 18, 1525, Henry made his son by Bessie Blount, Henry FitzRoy, the Duke of Richmond and Somerset and declared him second in line for succession after Mary. There were some rumors later that hed be named King of Ireland. But having an heir born out of wedlock was also risky for the future of the Tudors. In 1525, the French and English signed a peace treaty, and by 1528, Henry and England were at war with Catherines nephew, Charles. Next: The Kings Great Matter About Catherine of Aragon: Catherine of Aragon Facts | Early Life and First Marriage | Marriage to Henry VIII | The Kings Great Matter | Catherine of Aragon Books | Mary I | Anne Boleyn | Women in the Tudor Dynasty

Homeopathic Medicine vs. Western Medicine Research Paper

Homeopathic Medicine vs. Western Medicine - Research Paper Example The popularity of homeopathic medicine is proven by its various positive effects on mental diseases such as anxiety disorders, specific phobias, acute stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and other similar ailments, while at the same time homeopaths and advocates of homeopathy would in all humility not discredit conventional medicine as they say that it would be better to deal with anxiety through homeopathy first before conventional medicine (Reichenberg-Ullman & Ullman 86). Moreover, there are many other patients who resort to homeopathic medicine in order to deal with their colds and flu, pregnancy, injuries, aches and pains (Kayne 19-21). Homeopathy has become significant in that it has filled the gap that traditional Western medicine was not able to fulfill and that is a rather relatively faster and less addictive way of treating and curing ailments. The aforementioned diseases like anxiety and stress disorders would normally make up the majority of men tal illnesses not only of Americans but of other people in the world as well. Besides, no one of any age is immune from anxiety and stress. No matter how trivial, children too experience stress in the same way that adults experience it when dealing with the more serious things in life. The proven effectiveness of homeopathic medicine in curing these mental diseases is indeed a welcome idea for those who want to avoid the side effects as well as the exorbitant cost of conventional Western medicine. Aside from the aforementioned benefits, homeopathy is all-natural as it is mainly plant-based, and this naturalness of homeopathic medicine translates as its being environment-friendly. Homeopathic medicine basically utilizes plant products such as sleep-inducing and tension-relieving Valerian root, the sleep-enhancing lemon balm, the muscle relaxant Scullicap herb, the natural tranquilizer Passiflora, and the relaxants Hops strobiles and Gota kolu (Ballard 22). Unlike traditional Western medicine that is usually synthetically-prepared from a chemical base, homeopathic medicine is directly obtained from nature and only minimally processed. The utilization of such plants would therefore require planting vegetable gardens, which could indirectly reverse climate change, not to mention that if one has the plant products for homeopathic medicine in his or her backyard garden, then he or she gets â€Å"CO2-free and dollar-free† food and medicine (Bachmann 256). The connection between homeopathic medicine and global climate change may not be as close as anyone can conceive but a mass production of these plant-based products and an overall reduction in the production of conventional synthetically-prepared products would be tantamount to at least some significant environmental change. Homeopathic medicine may therefore even be the answer not only to a safer, more natural way of healing the body but also to an indirect way of healing the environment. The naturalness of homeopathic medicine ascribes to it relatively fewer side effects to none, compared to conventional Western medicine that is replete with adverse effects plus addictiveness. Many of these drugs, particularly those prescribed for depression and anxiety, may even naturally cause â€Å"unintentional prescription drug overdose† even with regular use, impaired intellectual functioning, â€Å"cold-turkey† withdrawal symptoms, and an overwhelmingly slow recovery of even up to 20 years, not to

Schizophrenia in children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Schizophrenia in children - Research Paper Example As the definition indicates, the major symptoms of this disorder include visual and auditory hallucinations, abnormal behavior, and strange feelings and they adversely affect the child’s ability to function normally and to maintain interpersonal relationships. To illustrate, a child who has developed schizophrenia may become shy and reticent and try to live in a world of his/her own. Nearly 50% of children with schizophrenia show severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although this mental disorder has no definite cause, it is often correlated to risk factors like family history. Some recent studies claim that brain changes and biochemical and environmental factors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Generally physical, laboratory and psychological examinations are conducted to diagnose schizophrenia in children. ... Prevention of childhood schizophrenia is less possible because many of the early signs of this disorder are very similar to the signs of other disorders. Treatments As discussed already, pediatric schizophrenia is a chronic condition and it needs lifelong treatment even though symptoms may be subsided during some periods of treatment. The treatment for childhood schizophrenia is generally led by a psychiatrist specialist. Since this disorder can affect many areas of the victim’s life, other professionals such as pediatrician, psychotherapist, family members, psychiatric nurse, and social workers are also included in the treatment team. Medications and psychotherapy are mainly employed to treat childhood schizophrenia (Loth & Pataki, 2012). Antipsychotic medications play a central role in treating this disorder although they have not been specifically approved for treating schizophrenia in children. Second generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics are initially used to treat pediatric schizophrenia because they have fewer side effects. As Kuehn (2009) notes, Risperidone and Aripiprazole are the only two second generation antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat this mental disorder in children. Similarly, first generation antipsychotics or conventional antipsychotics are also used to control schizophrenia in children and they are equally as effective as atypical antipsychotics. However, conventional antipsychotics have more severe neurological side effects. In addition, psychotherapy treatments such as individual therapy and family therapy are employed to manage childhood

Association football terminology Essay Example for Free

Association football terminology Essay Soccer also known as football in Europe, It is only known as soccer in the United States and in Canada everywhere else it is known as football. It is a very popular sport and it is played between two teams both with eleven players. Over 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the world’s most popular sport, played the game. The game is played on a very large rectangular field of grass or it can also be played on artificial turf. There is a goal box in the middle of each of the short ends. The goal of the game is to score by kicking the ball into the opposing goal. Soccer has many nicknames such as â€Å"The beautiful game† and â€Å"The World Game†. The game is played by all ages from children to adults. In general play, the goalies are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands while the field players are to use their feet to kick the ball, sometimes using other parts of their legs, their torso, or their head. Players have different roles in the team. There are forwards who attack and score goals. There are defenders who help to defend the goal. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the game wins. If in the end the game were to end in a tie either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout, depending on type of competition. The World Cup is the most famous soccer championship. It is held every four years. Teams from many countries of the world compete with each other, and millions of people around the world watch the game on television at that time. It is a very competitive kind of sports that is why it is interesting to watch it. Soccer is even in the Olympics Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players not including substitutes, one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. The basic kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and also shin guards. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment but there are many famous players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions such as friendly games. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or substitutions are used for time wasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. A match is not allowed to continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team. A game is officiated by a referee who has full authority over the entire match and whose decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees. In soccer there can be consequences for hurting a player. And it is known as a foul, a foul occurs when a player commits an offence while the ball is in play. Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are considered as fouls. They are therefore punished by a direct free kick or penalty kick depending on where the foul occurred. Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick. The referee may punish a player with a caution also known as yellow card or a dismissal also known as a red card. A player can also receive two yellow cards in the same game which result in the player getting a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card also it is called being â€Å"booked†, the referee writes down the players name in his official notebook. If a player has been expelled from the game there can be no substitute that can be brought on in their place. You can receive a card at any time during the game. Soccer has fairly simple rules however it is still a difficult game to play. It is a highly strategic game that requires logical thinking, quick reaction and endurance as it is necessary to run without a rest for a long time.

Internet: The Newest Mass Medium Essay -- Essays Papers

Internet: The Newest Mass Medium In order to analyze the Internet as a mass medium, we first have to look at the original intentions of the Internet. Originally the Internet was utilized strictly by the government and educational institutions. Its primary purposes were research and education, although it soon became a form of entertainment for a portion of the population through games, chat, and email. The idea of using the Internet for entertainment and commercial use was outrageous to the current users of the technology, and when listservs began posting advertisements, they did not respond well. These users wanted to keep the focus of this particular media very narrow and two-dimensional, so to speak. However, commercialization of the Internet allowed for exponential growth in for-profit and subsidized sites, which generated a greater demand for a larger user base. Profitability became an issue as soon as the Internet became commercial. In the 1990s, the Internet wielded a significant impact on people and businesses of all types, and there were many organizations and individuals that grew concerned of this impact and new issues arose. From a business aspect, telecommunications companies began to worry that the Internet would take away their customers because people were now able to place phone calls online with no long distance charges. From an individual, or general population aspect, people were concerned with the social implications of the Internet, and the negative impact that certain content could have on individuals or groups, such as children being exposed to pornographic content. There is also the growing concern of security and privacy, because not only can personal information be used for illegal purposes, it can be used without someone’s knowledge, for marketing purposes, which some people find to be an infringement of their privacy. The Internet is a breeding ground for freedom of expression and freedom of speech, which is why certain countries such as China and Germany, have done everything in their power to restrict the content made available to citizens. However, because of the Constitution, American government is finding it rather difficult to set up a ‘gatekeeping’ system, which will restrict content available within the United States. To allow the government to do this would completely defeat the purpose of such ... ...of thought was easily manipulated by the corporate/government cooperative that ran (and still runs) traditional ‘old’ media in the United States. The versatility and multidirectional communication makes the Internet one of the most exciting mediums because content can be very diversified and users are not only able to receive messages, but they are able to respond as well. The Internet is an interactive medium with potential to expand even farther than it already has. The Internet defies the controlled, one-way broadcast model of information distribution and empowers the user with the capability to talk back to the sender. References Beacham, F. (1998, December). Dark Alleys of the Internet Frank Beacham’s Questioning Technology [Online], 20 paragraphs. Available: http:// ****CHECK**** Grant, A., & Meadows, J. (2000). Communication Technology Update (7th ed.). Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann. Public Agenda (2000). Internet Speech and Privacy. Public Agenda [Online], 10 paragraphs. Available: http://www.publicagenda.org/ Schmesier, L. (1996, March 1). Why bring gender online? CMC Magazine [Online], 7 paragraphs. Available: http://www.cmcmagazine.com

Cell Cycle Essay

cell growth, normal functions What occurs in G1 in the cell cycle? Cell cycle What is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide? G1 What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called? interphase During what stage does the G1,S,and G2 phases happen? Mitosis During what phase of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur? Mitosis During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur? S (synthesis) During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? G1 During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow? G2 During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis? 4 How many stages are there in mitosis? Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase G1, S, G2, M Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2, S, G1, M Cell grows, DNA replication, cell prepares for mitosis, cell division Put the following actions in order: DNA replication, cell grows, cell division, cell prepares for mitosis. For efficiency, the process would take too long if it was bigger Explain why cells don’t just continue to grow larger as organisms grow larger. Why do cell divide? (Write in complete sentences) DNA replication What occurs in S phase of the cell cycle? cell prepares for mitosis What occurs in G2 phase of the cell cycle? cell division What occurs in M phase of the cell cycle? nuclear membrane disapears, spindle fibers form chromosomes condense What occurs in prophase phase of the cell cycle? chromosomes line up at equater What occurs in metaphase phase of the cell cycle? sister chromatids pull apart What occurs in anaphase phase of the cell cycle? chromosomes have separated/ ribosomes begin to form What occurs in telophase phase of the cell cycle? Interphase- G, S, G2 normal cell growth/prep for division Missing from this are Interphase and Cytokinesis. What are they, and when do they occur? (Interphase) physical splitting of the cell Missing from this are Interphase and Cytokinesis. What are they, and when do they occur? (Cytokinesis) D Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): cells at end of mitosis H Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): cells at end of meiosis D Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): liver cell H Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): sperm H Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): egg D Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): skin cell H Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): gamete D Identify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D): somatic (body) cell 1 copy of every cell What is a haploid? 2 copies of every cell What is a diploid? 46, 23 Human cells: diploid # ____ haploid #_____ 1. crossing over/ mixing DNA from parents 2. produce gamets Explain how meiosis increases genetic diversity in 2 different ways: 2 # cells produced in Mitosis 4 # cells produced in Meiosis replace cells+get bigger Reasons for occurrence in Mitosis making gametes for sexual reproduction Reasons for occurrence in Meiosis 1 # of divisions in Mitosis 2 # of divisions in Meiosis no Includes crossing over (Y/ N) Mitosis yes Includes crossing over (Y/ N) Meiosis somatic Kind of cells using it (Mitosis) gamets Kind of cells using it (Meiosis)

Funding my used book store Essay

This will be an outlet that deals in second-hand or used books. Literacy of a people is the foundation of a nation. We wish to encourage the culture of reading in order to eliminate illiteracy. We have chosen to go this route due to affordability. The shop’s name â€Å"Daily Books† is bound to be a crowd puller. The service will be targeting the thousands of shoppers and those whiling away window shopping or taking casual walks. Considering the hard economic times we are going through as a nation, this idea could not be timelier. Concept Funding my used book store Business Statement SBA loans are available and we are going for the lowdoc that addresses needs below $150k. This is part of the 7(a) loan program. The loans not only come with low interest rates and minimum hassles but also with entrepreneur education. This is a very helpful resource. Since some banks allow one to access funds for the business from relatives, then your proposal is well within all legal requirements. Competitive edge Products and services: – Ease of getting classical novels and writings which may not be available from the conventional book shops. These may as well be collectors’ items. Inexpensive: – All our books will be way below the market prices. Organization: – The arrangement and placement of books will make it easy for shoppers to locate what they want and hence save valuable time. The lighting will be artistic and professional. Location: -. The shop’s strategic location is a sure winner. The university and schools’ readership will come in handy. Public relations: – This is one of our greatest strengths as my partner is deep and wide reader, not to mention that I am an excellent people person and marketer. We have been careful to hire committed staff whose vision is similar to ours. Market / Industry information While the knowledge search continues to expand, there is stiff competition in the horizon. New players are joining the market not to mention new technology. The government is putting in place structures that will aid in the growth. Product/Service Information The crucial service on offer is the provision of an accessible, unique product, convenient, and a cheap service facility which promises easy access to the avid reader. The county council has been of great support since we shared our idea with them. On the launch, they have offered the parade grounds at no charge at all. They will also be sending word out to the local dwellers. Goals and strategies In the short term, we will be focusing on getting people to see the big picture. What has all along been thought of a rich man’s hobby that owning a rich home library is their preserve will now be common place. Due to our strategic location, we are assured of traffic. Our goal then, will be to focus on those walking in and around the complex. We aim to serve at least 50 walking customers per day. The tills in the stores around the town will be offering discount vouchers to all their customers in the first month after launching. The next level and secondary goal will entail advertising by use of flyers and banners. We shall also do rounds in the offices. Our marketers will visit every school in the area and the university as well. For these students, we intend to offer a discounted price especially for the course books. We shall introduce membership to all our customers with an aim of giving away bonus gifts and discounts. This will see our customer base grow from 50 to 100 after 6 months of business. In the long term, we are looking at electronic sales. This will entail a website that will advertise as well as offer on-line sales. A delivery van will come in handy for those members who may be a little out of town. The bookshop should have a readability of 500 plus faithful customers after a period of 2 years. As a backup plan for the above strategy, we will be liaising with the local bookshops as well as those in the nearby towns. We shall introduce a partnership programme that should see their sales soar as well. The idea is to bring about symbiosis and cut unfair competition. We plan to have stock lists of al the other outlets and when customers make enquiries, referential sales will be seamless. We shall encourage book owners to exchange or deposit old books that they no longer use. This idea will go along way in reducing our capital requirement for re-stocking. Payback As per the bank’s requirements, we have negotiated a very low payback interest rate. We have a 60 days initial grace period after which we shall be required to pay only 1. 5% PA on a reducing balance. This arrangement will go along way in helping us repay you within a comfortable period. It will not stretch the business neither will you be strained financially while it gives you peace of mind that your investment is secured. References Advani, A. (2005). SBA loans for your startup. Entrepreneur. com. Retrieved November 18, 2008 http://www. entrepreneur. com/money/financing/startupfinancingcolumnistasheeshadvani/article79254. html

150 Other Words for Said To Supercharge Your Writing (Infographic)

150 Other Words for Said To Supercharge Your Writing (Infographic) 150+ Other Words for "Said" To Supercharge Your Writing â€Å"Dialogue tags† is one of those writerly terms that sounds more complicated than it actually is. You’ve almost certainly used tags (including "said" and all other words for said) in your writing at some point, even if you didn't realize it consciously!But how can you really use them when you’re not entirely sure how they work? If that sounds like you, don't worry; this article will sort you out. Read on for your ultimate guide to dialogue tags - with tips on how to use them in an effective manner and our curated list of 150+ other words for "said." We'll actually start with the latter, for those of you who already know how dialogue tags work and are looking for the perfect synonym.150+ other words for "said"â€Å"Said† is the most common dialogue tag in the English language, and for good reason: it gets the job done. But every so often, you want to kick your writing up a notch with a different tag - that's where this list comes in! Here are 150+ oth er words for said, divided by emotion and/or conversational context to help you find the right word.Or, if you want to take it with you, click on the "Infographic" section in the table of contents (to your left) and download a list of all these words for free! Without further ado, here is a veritable mountain of words to use instead of said.Neutral wordsEach of these words is basically a like-for-like replacement for "said. Infographic (to download)Simply enter your email below to get this infographic in your inbox within minutes.Luckily, figuring out your dialogue tags isn't  quite  this difficult. Image: Paramount Pictures4. Experiment with placementThis is something you can do to keep your dialogue tags fresh and interesting without resorting to overblown verbs. Though so far we’ve only used tags at the end of dialogue, you can also put them at the beginning or in the middle! It requires slightly different punctuation, but pretty much all you need to do is re-order your original phrase to accomplish this.Let’s return to our very first example: â€Å"I can’t wait to read this article,† Rita said. This could become:Rita said, â€Å"I can’t wait to read this article."Or, if you want it to sound more dramatic:â€Å"I can’t wait,† Rita said, â€Å"to read this article.†Again, it’s an easy fix for repetitive tags. Try to stay conscious of how you’re using them, and if you find that too many of your â€Å"he said, she said†s (so to speak) are landing at the end of your dialogue, feel free to mix it up!5. Use description as dialogue tagsThe final way to create dialogue tags in your writing is: don’t use them at all. Or rather, use something else to serve the same function - specifically, description.Using description to indicate who’s speaking is a subtle yet powerful means of tagging your dialogue. Experienced writers employ this technique frequently, and anyone can do so once they understand how! Here’s an example of how description might be used as a dialogue tag:Sara gazed around the room as she paced, trailing her fingers over the furniture. She stopped and looked over her shoulder at Sam. â€Å"Are you sure this is a good idea?†We can clearly tell that Sara is the one talking based on the description: it’s all about her and what she’s doing. At the end, we also get a subject for her to address (Sam).You can also put the dialogue first, followed by the description to clarify:â€Å"We’ve got to catch him! Come on guys, hop in!† Jason hurriedly started the truck, which made a noise like a broken blender.Or you can even have the description in the middle of two pieces of dialogue:â€Å"Oh my God, what happened in here?† Alicia had just come through the doorway and stood frozen in her tracks. Her expression was a mask of horror. â€Å"It looks like a tornado hit!†Basically, you can put this descriptive â€Å"tag† anywhere you want in relation to the dialogue: before, after, or in the middle. As long as there’s something to demonstrate who’s speaking, as well as to what or whom they’re referring, that’s all you need.TakeawaysDialogue tags are a vital tool that every writer should know how to use correctly. Hopefully, this post has helped you understand how to use tags to clarify who’s speaking, as well as how to avoid distracting from what’s being said. Remember, the dialogue is the crown jewel here - but the tag is the solid pedestal that keeps it from falling. 💠ªWhat are your best tips for dialogue tags? Let us know in the comments! 150 Other Words for Said To Supercharge Your Writing (Infographic) 150+ Other Words for "Said" To Supercharge Your Writing â€Å"Dialogue tags† is one of those writerly terms that sounds more complicated than it actually is. You’ve almost certainly used tags (including "said" and all other words for said) in your writing at some point, even if you didn't realize it consciously!But how can you really use them when you’re not entirely sure how they work? If that sounds like you, don't worry; this article will sort you out. Read on for your ultimate guide to dialogue tags - with tips on how to use them in an effective manner and our curated list of 150+ other words for "said." We'll actually start with the latter, for those of you who already know how dialogue tags work and are looking for the perfect synonym.150+ other words for "said"â€Å"Said† is the most common dialogue tag in the English language, and for good reason: it gets the job done. But every so often, you want to kick your writing up a notch with a different tag - that's where this list comes in! Here are 150+ oth er words for said, divided by emotion and/or conversational context to help you find the right word.Or, if you want to take it with you, click on the "Infographic" section in the table of contents (to your left) and download a list of all these words for free! Without further ado, here is a veritable mountain of words to use instead of said.Neutral wordsEach of these words is basically a like-for-like replacement for "said. Simply enter your email below to get this infographic in your inbox within minutes.Luckily, figuring out your dialogue tags isn't  quite  this difficult. Image: Paramount Pictures4. Experiment with placementThis is something you can do to keep your dialogue tags fresh and interesting without resorting to overblown verbs. Though so far we’ve only used tags at the end of dialogue, you can also put them at the beginning or in the middle! It requires slightly different punctuation, but pretty much all you need to do is re-order your original phrase to accomplish this.Let’s return to our very first example: â€Å"I can’t wait to read this article,† Rita said. This could become:Rita said, â€Å"I can’t wait to read this article."Or, if you want it to sound more dramatic:â€Å"I can’t wait,† Rita said, â€Å"to read this article.†Again, it’s an easy fix for repetitive tags. Try to stay conscious of how you’re using t hem, and if you find that too many of your â€Å"he said, she said†s (so to speak) are landing at the end of your dialogue, feel free to mix it up!5. Use description as dialogue tagsThe final way to create dialogue tags in your writing is: don’t use them at all. Or rather, use something else to serve the same function - specifically, description.Using description to indicate who’s speaking is a subtle yet powerful means of tagging your dialogue. Experienced writers employ this technique frequently, and anyone can do so once they understand how! Here’s an example of how description might be used as a dialogue tag:Sara gazed around the room as she paced, trailing her fingers over the furniture. She stopped and looked over her shoulder at Sam. â€Å"Are you sure this is a good idea?†We can clearly tell that Sara is the one talking based on the description: it’s all about her and what she’s doing. At the end, we also get a subject for he r to address (Sam).You can also put the dialogue first, followed by the description to clarify:â€Å"We’ve got to catch him! Come on guys, hop in!† Jason hurriedly started the truck, which made a noise like a broken blender.Or you can even have the description in the middle of two pieces of dialogue:â€Å"Oh my God, what happened in here?† Alicia had just come through the doorway and stood frozen in her tracks. Her expression was a mask of horror. â€Å"It looks like a tornado hit!†Basically, you can put this descriptive â€Å"tag† anywhere you want in relation to the dialogue: before, after, or in the middle. As long as there’s something to demonstrate who’s speaking, as well as to what or whom they’re referring, that’s all you need.TakeawaysDialogue tags are a vital tool that every writer should know how to use correctly. Hopefully, this post has helped you understand how to use tags to clarify who’s speaking, a s well as how to avoid distracting from what’s being said. Remember, the dialogue is the crown jewel here - but the tag is the solid pedestal that keeps it from falling. 💠ªWhat are your best tips for dialogue tags? Let us know in the comments!

Definition and Examples of Online Reading

Definition and Examples of Online Reading Definition Online reading is the process of extracting meaning from a text that is in a digital format. Also called digital reading. Most researchers agree that the experience of reading online (whether on a PC or a mobile device) is fundamentally different from the experience of reading print materials. As discussed below, however, the nature and quality of these different experiences (as well as the particular skills required for proficiency) are still being debated and explored. See Examples and Observations  below. Also see: ReadingThe Advantages of Slow Reading and Slow Writing Close Reading and Deep Reading How to Become a Creative ReaderOnline WritingReaderReading Speed Writers on Reading Examples and Observations Unlike reading print sources, reading online is nonlinear. When you read a book or an article in print, you follow a reading sequence- beginning at the start of the text and progressing through the text systematically. However, when you read information online, you frequently jump around from source to source using hyperlinks that direct you to a different Web page.(Christine Evans Carter, Mindscapes: Critical Reading Skills and Strategies, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2014) Comparing Print and Digital Reading ExperiencesCertainly, as we turn to online reading, the physiology of the reading process itself shifts; we don’t read the same way online as we do on paper. . . .When Ziming Liu, a professor at San Jose State University whose research centers on digital reading and the use of e-books, conducted a review of studies that compared print and digital reading experiences, . . . he found that several things had changed. On screen, people tended to browse and scan, to look for k eywords, and to read in a less linear, more selective fashion. On the page, they tended to concentrate more on following the text. Skimming, Liu concluded, had become the new reading: the more we read online, the more likely we were to move quickly, without stopping to ponder any one thought. . . .[P]erhaps digital reading isn’t worse so much as different than print reading. Julie Coiro, who studies digital reading comprehension in elementary- and middle-school students at the University of Rhode Island, has found that good reading in print doesn’t necessarily translate to good reading on-screen. The students do not only differ in their abilities and preferences; they also need different sorts of training to excel at each medium. The online world, she argues, may require students to exercise much greater self-control than a physical book. In reading on paper, you may have to monitor yourself once, to actually pick up the book, she says. On the Internet, that monitoring and self-regulation cycle happens again and again.(Maria Konnikova, Being a Better Online Reader. The New Yorker, July 16, 2014) Developing New Skills for Online Reading- How does the nature of writing and reading change on the Internet? What, if any, new literacies do we require? We are just discovering the answers to these questions (Afflerbach Cho, 2008). First, it appears that online reading comprehension typically takes place within a research and problem-solving task (Coiro Castek, 2010). In short, online reading is online research. Second, online reading also becomes tightly integrated with writing, as we communicate with others to learn more about the questions we explore and as we communicate our own interpretations. A third difference that exists is that new technologies . . . are used online. Additional skills are required to use each of these technologies effectively. . . .Finally, and perhaps most importantly, online reading may require even greater amounts of higher-level thinking than offline reading. In a context in which anyone may publish anything, higher-level thinking skills such as crit ical evaluation of source material and understanding an authors point of view become especially important online.(Donald J. Leu, Elena Forani. and Clint Kennedy, Providing Classroom Leadership in New Literacies. The Administration and Supervision of Reading Programs, 5th ed., edited by Shelley B. Wepner, Dorothy S. Strickland, and Diana J. Quatroche. Teachers College Press, 2014)- [E]ncouraging students to take on a leadership role in sharing their online skills and strategies has proven to be a beneficial means of promoting acquisition of the new literacies of online reading comprehension (Castek, 2008). The findings from this study suggest that students learn online reading comprehension skills best from other students, within the context of challenging activities designed by the teacher. Increased levels of challenge appeared to prompt students to try multiple approaches to making sense of complex information and encouraged them to think deeply about solving problems.(Jacquelynn A. Malloy, Jill M. Castek, and Donald J. Leu, Silent Reading and Online Reading Comprehension. Revisiting Silent Reading: New Directions for Teachers and Researchers, ed. by Elfrieda H. Hiebert and D. Ray Reutzel. International Reading Association, 2010) Reading More, Remembering Less?We might have more access to information than ever before, but reading things online actually has a negative impact on peoples cognition.[In a study conducted at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand,] associate professor Val Hooper and masters student Channa Heraths analysis of online and offline reading behaviour found that online reading generally does not have a positive impact on peoples cognition.Concentration, comprehension, absorption and recall rates when engaging with online material were all much lower than traditional text.This is despite people getting through more material thanks to skim reading and scanning online material.(Internet Makes Us Stupid: Study. Sydney Morning Herald [Australia], July 12, 2014) The Transition to Digital ReadingIts still words being taken in on a computer screen, and for millions of people it is a daily occurrence, one that now seems as natural to them as anything else in their lives. To think that mil lions wont be willing or able to make the transition to an overall digital reading experience is naà ¯ve. In large measure, people already do the majority of their reading digitally.(Jeff Gomez, Print Is Dead: Books in Our Digital Age. Macmillan, 2008) The Lighter Side of Online ReadingAnyway, Ive done lots of research for the past, you know, few hours, and I found out that most people will believe anything they read. And I know its true because, you know, I . . . I read it online somewhere.(Dr. Doofenshmirtz, Ferb Latin/Lotsa Latkes. Phineas and Ferb, 2011)

The Educational Needs of Caregivers of Stroke Survivors Assignment

The Educational Needs of Caregivers of Stroke Survivors - Assignment Example In addition, the responsibility of health care professionals of informing patients and their family members meant the giving out of the right information to the right people at the right time. In essence, it is only through education that people can partake in the entire health care process, formulate clued-up decisions and eventually take on behavior and lifestyle changes. In short, patient-family education leads to improved health outcomes (American Academy of Family Practitioners 2000; Close 1988). Therefore, to cope with health problems and deal with health-related decision-making courses of action, people have to have knowledge coupled with pertinent objectives and therapeutic targets specific to Medication, Activity, Nutrition, Treatments, Risk factors and Aftercare or MANTRA (Pestonjee 2000). Family Education-Definition/Description Family education is a continuing and enduring progression of different processes and practices in instructing family members about the poor health or regarding the grave illness of a relative so as to enhance their abilities to handle the situation and their facility in assisting the affected family member (Fuller 2001). In the UK, the United States and likewise in other countries, countless individuals with unbearable physical illness, debilitating mental problems and extremely destructive behaviors reside with their relatives and immediate families and rely on them for monetary aid, housing, encouragement, and sincere collaboration. Because of this reality, it is imperative for families to obtain knowledge and skills so that they can assist their ill or emotionally distressed relative and evade deterioration, gain from the treatment and attain recovery.